Information Ratio

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The Sharpe ratio of active management. How consistent your edge is.

Quick Answer

What is Information Ratio?

Information ratio is excess return over a benchmark divided by the tracking error — the volatility of that excess return. It measures the consistency of outperformance: an IR of 0.5 is good for an active equity manager, 1.0+ is exceptional and very rare over long periods. Unlike Sharpe, IR compares to a benchmark rather than the risk-free rate.

IR = (Rp − Rb) / σ(Rp − Rb)

Formula

IR = (Rp − Rb) / σ(Rp − Rb)
Rp − Rb = annualized active return · σ(Rp − Rb) = tracking error, i.e. standard deviation of the active return series

Same shape as Sharpe but with benchmark substituted for risk-free rate. The numerator is the size of your active bet; the denominator is how lumpy that bet is.

Intuition — what is this number telling you?

IR is the right metric for evaluating an active manager. A manager who reliably beats the index by 1% per year with 2% tracking error has IR of 0.5 — a respectable, sustainable edge. A manager who happened to beat by 5% in one year with 15% tracking error has IR of 0.33 and almost certainly will not repeat.

Information ratios above 1.0 over 10+ years are extremely rare. Renaissance Medallion is famously above 2.0, but most "great" managers settle in around 0.5–0.7.

Worked example

Step-by-step

Your portfolio returned 13.0% vs. benchmark 11.5%. The monthly active return series has annualized standard deviation of 3.0%.

IR = (13.0% − 11.5%) / 3.0% = 1.5% / 3.0% = 0.50

That is solid — same range as a competent active equity manager.

What's a good Information Ratio value?

Industry guidelines for sustained 10+ year information ratios:

IRVerdict
< 0Underperformed benchmark net of cost. Closet indexer at best.
0 – 0.25Weak. Not statistically distinguishable from luck.
0.25 – 0.5Decent active manager.
0.5 – 0.75Strong. Top quartile of long-term active managers.
0.75 – 1.0Exceptional. Top decile.
> 1.0Rarely sustained over decades. Audit before believing.

Related metrics

Active Return  ·  Tracking Error  ·  Sharpe Ratio  ·  Alpha (Jensen's)

Frequently asked questions about Information Ratio

What is the difference between IR and Sharpe?

Sharpe uses the risk-free rate as the baseline. IR uses your benchmark. IR is appropriate when evaluating a strategy that aims to beat a specific index, not absolute return.

How long of a sample do I need?

At least 3 years for a stable estimate. 5+ years is preferable. IR is noisy at short windows.

Can IR be infinite?

In theory if tracking error is zero, but that would mean the portfolio is identical to the benchmark — IR of zero/zero, undefined. In practice tracking error is always positive.

Does Foliolytic compute IR?

Yes — against multiple benchmarks (S&P 500, VT, equal-weight, factor portfolios) so you can see the IR against whichever benchmark is most apt.

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