Gain/Loss Ratio

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Average win size divided by average loss size. The magnitude metric that pairs with win rate.

Quick Answer

What is Gain/Loss Ratio?

Gain/Loss Ratio is the average gain in winning periods divided by the average loss in losing periods. A gain/loss ratio of 2.0 means the portfolio gains twice as much in winning months as it loses in losing months on average. Combined with win rate, it tells the full story of a strategy's payoff profile.

G/L = mean(Rᵢ | Rᵢ > 0) / |mean(Rᵢ | Rᵢ < 0)|

Formula

G/L = mean(Ri | Ri > 0) / |mean(Ri | Ri < 0)|
Numerator: average return in positive periods only. Denominator: absolute value of average return in negative periods.

A high ratio means winners are big relative to losers. A low ratio means losers eat winners.

Intuition — what is this number telling you?

A high gain/loss ratio with a modest win rate (40–50%) often beats the inverse — it is the trend-follower's profile. The classic "cut losses short, let winners run" strategy aims for asymmetric gain/loss ratios.

Worked example

Step-by-step

Winning months averaged +3.2%; losing months averaged −1.8%.

Gain/Loss Ratio = 3.2 / 1.8 = 1.78

For every dollar lost in losing months, you gained $1.78 in winning months on average. Combined with even a 45% win rate, this is profitable: 0.45 × 1.78 − 0.55 × 1.0 = 0.251 expected return per period.

What's a good Gain/Loss Ratio value?

Use this with win rate. Expected return per period ≈ (Win Rate × Gain/Loss) − (1 − Win Rate). Anything positive means profitable; the higher, the better.

Related metrics

Win Rate  ·  Batting Average  ·  Profit Factor  ·  Skewness

Frequently asked questions about Gain/Loss Ratio

What is a good gain/loss ratio?

Above 1.0 means wins are bigger than losses on average. Above 1.5 is strong. Trend followers target 2.0+.

How is gain/loss ratio different from profit factor?

Profit factor is total profit / total loss (size-weighted). Gain/loss ratio is mean win / mean loss (count-weighted). Profit factor accounts for number of trades; gain/loss ratio does not.

What is the expected return formula combining win rate and gain/loss?

E[R] ≈ Win Rate × Avg Gain − (1 − Win Rate) × Avg Loss. Both inputs together determine profitability.

Does Foliolytic show gain/loss ratio?

Yes — alongside win rate and profit factor in the timing section.

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